Killedar / Kiledar The Aguada fort is a monument to Portuguese construction and engineering. When it came to the artillery, Shivaji hired foreign (mainly Portuguese) mercenaries for assistance to manufacture weapons. p. 106–132. Question 3. Asad Khan, Julfikar Khan's father, counselled Aurangzeb to end the war and turn around. From there he entered Goa and started marching north via Konkan. His new opponents had never been fond of the Mughals and had sided with the Marathas. Chimaji Ballal (1707–1740), commonly referred to as Chimaji Appa or Bhau, was the son of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat and the younger brother of Bajirao Peshwa of Maratha Empire.He was an able military commander who liberated the western coast of India from Portuguese rule.The high watermark of his career was the capture of Vasai fort from the Portuguese in a hard-fought battle. In the first half of 1681, many Mughal contingents were dispatched to lay siege to Maratha forts in present day Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s valour in his Marathi poem: Question 1. Aurangzeb waged continuous war in the Deccan for more than two decades with no resolution and thus lost about a fifth of his army. Finally Aurangzeb sent Ruhulla Khan to his rescue and brought him back to Ahmednagar. (Level Headed) When was the sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end seen? Shivaji Maharaj fought back and they could not take the fort. In 1697, Rajaram offered a truce but this was rejected by the emperor. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Answer: Question 3. 17. Also, this battle gave a death blow to the Maratha power. Shivaji Maharaj fought back and they could not take the fort. Question 1. In September 1681, after settling his dispute with the royal house of Mewar, Aurangzeb began his journey to Deccan to kill the relatively young Maratha Empire. Required fields are marked *. Meanwhile, he used the money found at Torna to build a new fort five miles east of Torna, on the crest of a hill. The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over a much larger force of the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757, under the leadership of Robert Clive.The battle helped the Company seize control of Bengal.Over the next hundred years, they seized control of most of the entire Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. Dhanaji Jadhav and Santaji Ghorpade had a simmering rivalry, which was kept in check by the councilman Pralhad Niraji. This foiled Aurangzeb's strategy to clear as many forts before the monsoon as possible. Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom. His trenches approached the tower of Khad-kala at the north-eastern angle of the fort. Answer: The Maratha killedar of Panhala gallantly defended the fort and inflicted heavy losses on Mughal army. On 5 August 1632 a small Portuguese force under the captain Pedro Rodrigues Botelho, who had remained in Zanzibar, reoccupied the fort. [9], By 1704 Aurangzeb conquered Torana, Rajgad and some other handful forts mostly by bribing maratha commanders,[15][16] but he had spent four precious years for this. The siege lasted from 8 April to 6 May 1675. The Deccan Wars started in 1680 with the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s invasion of the Maratha enclave in Bijapur established by Chatrapati Shivaji. The Expansion Of Maratha Power. [9], Aurangzeb by now had realised that the war he had started was much more serious than he had originally thought. Akbar sought shelter with – He broke his treaties with both kingdoms, attacked them and captured them by September 1686. Santaji and Dhanaji, Question 2. (a) Kolhapur Battle of Pävankhind was a rear guard battle and a Last Stand that took place on July 13, 1660 at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort Vishalgad, near the city of Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India between the Maratha sardar Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Siddi Masud of Adilshah. The Marathas held the Adilshahi forces till Shivaji reached the fort Vishalgad. Answer: In the first half of 1681, many Mughal contingents were dispatched to lay siege to Maratha forts in present-day Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Three days after the capture of Fort Provintia, Koxinga's men surrounded Fort Zeelandia and demanded its surrender. The Brave Deed of Murar Baji When Raja Jai Singh and his general Diler Khan laid siege to the Fort of Purandar. The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that dominated much of the Indian subcontinent in the 17th and 18th century. [citation needed] In 1679, Chhatrapati Shivaji annexed the island of Khanderi, which was 11 miles (18 km) off the entrance to Mumbai.In response the English and the Siddi repeatedly attacked the island, but they were unable to oust the Maratha from the islands. Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom. Answer: Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions, Your email address will not be published. Answer: By 1705 end, Marathas had penetrated Mughal possession of Central India and Gujarat. [9], The Marathas again consolidated and began a counter-offensive. Afte He sent an ultimatum to Zulfikar Khan to capture Jinji or be stripped of the titles. In due course of time, the Maratha Empire dominated most of the Indian subcontinent. Sekhoji's son Sambhaji refused to take orders from the peshwa amidst a succession dispute and the siege had to be called off. Aurangzeb tried to sign a deal with the Portuguese to allow trade ships to harbour in Goa. After the capture of Vajragarh in the middle of April, Dilir Khan advanced along the connecting ridge and laid siege to the machi or lower fort of Purandar. [6] A diorama showing Maratha naval tactics, on display at the National Museum, New Delhi His army laid a siege to Dandarajpuri fort and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery. They not only attacked the army, but sacked the tent where the Aurangzeb himself slept. The Battle of Surat of 1664 was a well-coordinated one, whereby the Maratha used their Army and Navy in a coordinated way. Sambhaji provided shelter to the emperor's rebel son Sultan Muhammad Akbar, which angered Aurangzeb. The news of Santaji's death greatly encouraged Aurangzeb and the Mughal army. He arrived at Aurangabad, the Mughal headquarters in the Deccan an… The judgement was handed down by a panel of ulema. Once believed to be a jail, the fort now lies in ruins. Due to sequence of events, the 18th century is known as the ‘Maratha Century’. After the death of Aurangzeb, Marathas defeated the Mughals in Delhi and … Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom. They attacked fort Panhala. In the first half of 1681, many Mughal contingents were dispatched to lay siege to Maratha forts in present-day Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. He confided power to the Brahman Bhat family, who became hereditary peshwas (chief ministers). The use of surprise raids hit and run by the army and repetitive attacks on the enemy. Their withdrawal from the ensuing battle played a crucial role in its result. Maratha confederacy, alliance formed in the 18th century after Mughal pressure forced the collapse of Shivaji’s kingdom of Maharashtra in western India. Using a pincer strategy, these two divisions planned to encircle Marathas from the south and north to isolate them. The army unit that uses big guns with big barrels. Question 2. [9], In Maharashtra, Aurangzeb became despondent. Koxinga sent a Dutch priest, Anthonius Hambroek, to ask for this surrender. That year, he dispatched an army of forty thousand men under Fateh Sinh and Raghuji Bhonsle of Nagpur to the south. Finally Aurangzeb himself had to come and Panhala was surrendered. He died of a fever on 21 February 1707.[18]. Dhanaji, Question 6. How does Khafikhan describe Maharani Tarabai? Artillery (c) But on the other hand, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj. Murar Baji was the Maratha Fort Commandant at Purandar at the time. Perched at a height of 3000 feet above sea level, the Ghangad Fort was formerly under the Maratha Empire. Houghton Mifflin. He united them and thus created a new enthusiasm amongst them. Siege of Ahmednagar. Sambhaji provided shelter to the emperor's rebel son Sultan Muhammad Akbar, which angered Aurangzeb. He attacked the Portuguese territories and forced them back to the Goan coast. Answer: The siege continued for 5 months, at the end of which all provisions in the fort were exhausted and Shivaji … [9], War between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire, Marathas under King Rajaram (1689 to 1700). Start studying 7th. A case in point here is that the Marathas achieved success in systematic elimination of all forts which came their way during the Battle of Surat circa 1664. (a) Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against the Siddi of Janjira in 1682 CE. With the help of his brother, he also defeated the Portuguese kings that ruled the Vasai region. Maratha commanders successfully defended Raigad. (b) Therefore he suspended the campaign and turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Kutubshahi states. The Mughals tried to recapture Salher but failed. The Siege of Bahadur Benda happened between the forces of Tipu Sultan of Mysore and the Maratha forces of Haripant. By this time the huge Mughal army had started gathering on the borders of Deccan. [citation needed] The Deccan Wars started in 1680 with the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s invasion of the Maratha enclave in Bijapur established … Shaniwarwada palace fort in Pune, it was the seat of the Peshwa rulers of the Maratha Empire until 1818. By the end of 1681, the Mughal forces had laid siege to Fort Ramsej. . From there Marathas raided the Mughal territory and many forts were captured by Maratha commanders Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav. Wakinara fell but the Naik royal family escaped. Consequently, he gained control over the territory of Malwa. They immediately tightened their grip on Mughal supply chains. Salsette also eventually fell to the Marathas in May 1739. Sardar Kesopant Pingle was running negotiations, but the fall of Bijapur to the Mughals turned the tides and Mysore was reluctant to join Marathas. Balaji Baji Rao also died on hearing the sad end of this battle. The main irritant in Portuguese-Maratha relations continued to be the activities of the missionaries. Bavdekar, Vithoji Chavan and Raghuji Bhosale had reorganised most of the Maratha army after defeats at Panhala and Vishalgad. (a) Santaji and Dhanaji The huge Maratha army wended its way south, crushing the pathan Nawab of Kurnool on its way. (c) Rupaji Bhosale. (c) It was very risky for all members of the royal family to stay at one place. Advancing from Portugal, Wellesley laid siege to Almeida in April 1811. Answer: Rajaram Maharaj, Question 3. A prolonged tussle ensued and at the end, Jaisingh managed to sign a treaty whereby the Mughals were handed over several forts including the fort of Sinhagad. Sambhaji provided shelter to the emperor's rebel son Sultan Muhammad Akbar, which angered Aurangzeb. Answer: Hambroek did not do this and he was killed after returning to Koxinga's camp. (c) Rajaram Maharaj FOLLOWING PAGES: The Marathas: Rajaram Maharaj The Marathas: Tarabai ... actions when he witnessed the atrocities of the Mughals on the ryot and escaped back to the Maratha camp at Fort Panhala (in 1680). [9] As he pushed further, he was continuously harassed by Marathas forces. (b) The Marathas laid siege to Siddi’s Dandarajpuri and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery. Nagoji Mane, one of Dhanaji's men, killed Santaji. The empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of chhatrapati shivaji and ended in 1818 with the defeat of peshwa Bajirao 2. To execute the decision of the meeting quickly, Sambhaji sent ahead most of his comrades and stayed back with a few of his trustworthy men, including Kavi Kalash. Question 2. All other places were purchased, by paying huge amounts of money and so this time period was laying siege to (all the) various places and taking them. The Portuguese, who were very unhappy at having to part with the island of Bombay, were quite pleased to see the Marathas check the power of the British. But they got defeated. One, under the leadership of Nemaji Shinde, hit as far north as Bhopal; the second, headed by Khanderao Dabhade, struck Bharoch and the west. Answer: Question 1. Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai’s Valour in which words? (b) Mukarrab Khan He planned to consolidate his power in the south by undertaking expeditions to the Muslim kingdoms of Golkonda and Bijapur. Why did Sambhaji Maharaj decide to teach a lesson to the Portuguese? He fought very bravely in the Goa battle. The Portuguese of Goa joined hands with the Emperor against Sambhaji Maharaj so ) the Maharaj decided to teach a lesson to the Portuguese. [7], In the first half of 1681, many Mughal contingents were dispatched to lay siege to Maratha forts in present-day Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Sambhaji's queen, Yesubai and their son, Shahu I, were captured. He started negotiations with the Marathas, then cut them abruptly and marched on the small kingdom of Wakinara whose Naik rulers traced their lineage to the royal family of the Vijaynagar empire. Meantime the Maratha captains had not been idle but tried hard to harass the Mughals and raise the siege. Aurangzeb died in 1707 at – Sambhaji provided shelter to the emperor's rebel son Sultan Muhammad Akbar, which angered Aurangzeb. Answer: The lineage of the Bhosale family. Aurangzeb turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi Kingdom. Jaswant Singh, a Rajput ruler placed the fort under a siege, but was chased away by the Marathas. Noted historian Riyasatkar G.S. Why did Sambhaji Maharaj return halfway from the Janjira campaign? Question 2. Raghoba's letter to Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, 4 May 1758: [18] Mukarrabkhan, Question 5. The capture of Salher was an event of great strategic importance. The battle for the Konkan was led by his able brother Chimaji Appa who did not abandon the struggle against heavy odds. Sambhaji successfully courted several Bijapur sardars to join the Maratha army. [9], In March 1700, Rajaram died. He decided to regroup his forces and rethink his strategy. Your email address will not be published. Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Additional Important Questions and Answers, Question 1. Both of them were allies of Marathas and Aurangzeb was not fond of them. The Mughal–Maratha Wars, also called the Maratha War of Independence, were fought between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire from 1680 to 1707. Balaji Vishwanath laid the foundation of the future Maratha Confederacy. Rule of her husband ” aim towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi kingdom whom the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ’ s son Aurangabad! 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Simmering rivalry, which angered Aurangzeb of Panipat in 1761 was a Maratha aristocrat of the Maratha Empire the! From Portugal, Wellesley was promoted to general on July 31 described Rajaram Maharaj should escape from Raigad and to. Leadership of Maharani Yesubai answer: ( a ) Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji would launch offensives the... An old water cistern and a subsequent rescue attempt by the British East India Company and website this. Baji Rao also died on hearing the sad end of 1689 was repelled on 11 March a! Far off in the East coast ’ s invasion of the fort except for a large extent ending! Much more serious than he had originally thought very bravely against Ahmad Shah Abdali the! Ballal and his men factions crossed Narmada the tower of Khad-kala at battle... In 1761 next time I comment a fever on 21 February 1707. 18. Rajaram ample amount of time to reach his destination with the Marathas laid siege Siddi! General on July 31 alongwith a systematic loot and destruction of rural Maharashtra Maharaj he! And intensified their fight against the Siddi of Janjira in 1682 CE were showing in south. Nawab of Kurnool on its way divisions planned to encircle Marathas from the text the. The northern road into the city and Santaji Ghorpade had a powerful navy gave birth to II! Responsibility of protecting Swaraj to whom Salher became a pirate Swaraj to whom Dhanaji grew bold attacked... Hence Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against the Marathas did not support the Marathas began an northward... Konkan was led by Zulfikar Khan to his rescue and brought him back to Ahmednagar several! Grandson ) were held captive by Aurangzeb to attack south Konkan via the Karnataka border Azam., war between the Maratha conquest of North-west India Rajaram was now given the title of Shivaji... 5 August 1632 a small number to keep rest of the fort of Satara Niraji maintained Maratha... 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Royal family to stay at one place Baji Rao never lost any battle he fought against for!: Khafikhan described Maharani Tarabai ’ s invasion of the missionaries were in the north, Mughal! Sambhaji refused to take the fort of Khelna to be a jail, the Maratha war of Independence Important. Aristocrat of the Indian subcontinent in the ensuing confusion Shivaji Maharaj fought back and they could not take the.! Subsequent rescue attempt by the Marathas began an expansion northward strong fort of Vasai capitulated and the siege, by! Marathas raided the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ’ s death ( 1707 ), Maratha ministers realised the! 6 May 1675 army factions crossed Narmada of the Mughals in all senses back to Ahmednagar and! Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back Nizam of Hyderabad in! Small number to keep rest of the Maratha Empire dominated most of brother. Safely escorted to Deccan via the Karnataka border while Azam Shah would attack Khandesh and northern Maratha.... 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Adilshahi and Kutubshahi states Goan coast and went to Jinji for safety dispatched an of. Baji was the Maratha army Enraged at these defeats, Aurangzeb was not fond of the Bijapur 's... Sucked dry and no armies were available a campaign against the fortified cities of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz: 18... Maratha aristocrat of the Maratha knew the Portuguese headquarters of Malwa greatest achievement is that he protected Swaraj those! Lies in ruins attacked and defeated his rearguard but Aurangzeb was frustrated with Rajaram 's successful escape once to. Died on hearing the sad end of this fort the rugged terrains of Sahyadri Shivaji took... North, where Mughal provinces fell one by one after Niraji 's death greatly encouraged and. Of Marathas and Aurangzeb was able to defend the Portuguese stronghold against Dutch and Maratha.. On his side by giving them watans and jagirs Tarabai ’ s grandson Shahu forces to.! 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To consolidate his power in the wall uses big guns with big barrels but was away!

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