It tells how many times a substance is heavier than water. Minimum index density is determined by loose placement in the molds, using special pouring funnels, scoop, or shovel, depending on size of soil particles. Both models are 12 amps 1ph AC. Two cylindrical metallic moulds, 3000 cc and 15000 cc. The relative density of a substance is a pure number without any unit. (ii) The guide sleeve, surcharge base plate and surcharge weight should be assembled as described in step [6 (a) (i)] above. (ii) The mold should be fixed to the vibrator deck for assembly and the loaded soil specimen should be vibrated for 8 min. D. At what depth was Boring #5 drilling operation stopped? Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. provide a link between the penetration resistance and relative density of sandy soils. Relative density is an arbitrary character of sandy deposit. The relative density of a substance is a pure number without any unit. Relative density determines the compactness of the cohesionless soil. (4) Calculate the relative density as follows: D d = [(e max – e) / (e max – e min)] To calculate the void ratio (e) of the natural state of the soil, first calculate density of soil (ρ d) and ρ s =G S *ρ w (use G s value as determined from specific gravity test) as follows: e = (ρ s /ρ d)-1. Shaking table tests on reinforced soil retaining walls subjected to the combined effects of rainfall and earthquakes. Computed relative densities for N 1 = 10 . The relative density set is proposed in two versions according to EN or ASTM specifications. While the dry method is preferred from the standpoint of securing results in a shorter period of time, the highest maximum density is obtained from some soils in a saturated state. Surcharge base plates with handle – one surcharge base plate, 10 mm in thickness, for each size mold. The maximum size of the soil particle present in the soil determines the representative sample of the soil. For soils with maximum particle size less than 75 mm, the smaller mold of 3000 cm3 capacity is used. The relative density of natural or compacted soil can be determined by obtaining the minimum and maximum density of soil in the laboratory and the in-situ density of soil in the field. If all excess matter is not removed, an additional continuous pass should be made. In cohesionless soils (sands), the SPT can be used to predict the relative density of sands (i.e., very loose, loose, medium, etc.) (iii) The specimen with the surcharge weight should be vibrated for 8 min. Table 22-1.—Penetration resistance and soil properties based on the SPT (Peck, et al.) where Wsm is the mass of dry soil in the minimum density test in g and Vc is the calibrated volume of the mold in cm3. i. Meets ASTM D4253, D4254. At constant confining pressure, the liquefaction resistance increases with the relative density, D r, and, at constant relative density, the liquefaction resistance increases with increasing confining pressure. Density is by definition the ratio of the mass and volume of a body. The initial dial reading should be computed by adding together the surcharge base plate thickness and the average of the six dial gauge readings and subtracting the thickness of the calibration bar. D. Medium Dense. and density s, should be The soil was compacted in 3cm layers at a moisture content of 3.5 to achieve a relative density of 80 corresponding to a unit weight of 15.2 kNm 3 in all the model tests. Soil should be placed as loosely as possible in the mold by pouring the soil through the spout in a steady stream with a constant height of free fall of the soil of 25 mm. The mass of the water filling the mold is determined. Table vibrates at 360 vpm. Relative density of cohesionless soils is defined as the ratio of the difference between the void ratio of a cohesion- less soil in the loosest state and in-situ void ratio to the difference between its void ratios in the loosest and the densest states. This complete set includes: Vibrating table H-3756.2F, relative density mold sets H-3757 and H-3758 and relative density gauge set H-3759. It is useful to express relative density directly in terms of dry density in loosest, in-situ, and densest states, so that the need to determine the specific gravity of soil is eliminated. The concept of relative density gives a practically useful measure of compactness of cohesionless soils in a nat­ural or artificially compacted state. Cylindrical metal unit mass molds of 3000 and 15000 cm3 capacity with guide sleeves. The in-situ density of soil is obtained in the field using sand replacement method or any other suitable method. Density of substance = 13.6X1.0g/cm^3 = 13.6g/cm^3. Such a higher maximum index density, when considered along with the minimum index density/unit weight, Test Methods D4254, will be found to significantly affect the value of the relative density (3.2.8) calculated for a soil encountered in the field. Surcharge masses – one surcharge mass for each size mold. During this period, the amplitude of the vibrator should be reduced as much as necessary to avoid excessive boiling and fluffing of the soil, which may occur in some soils. (1997 1.62 xe However, if the maximum size of the soil particle is 75 mm, 45 kg of the sample should be used for the test. 3 are listed in Table 3. (4.80), we obtain the expression for relative density as –. Country A flat area, approximately 450 mm 2, of the soil to be tested is exposed and trimmed down to a level surface pref­erably with the aid of a scraper tool. The deck is activated by an electromagnetic vibrator with an over 100lb (45.5kg) actuator. The relative density is written in the following formulas: D r = e m a x − e e m a x − e m i n D r = 1 (γ d) m i n − 1 γ d 1 (γ d) m i n − 1 (γ d) m a x UTS-0670A-C, Relative Density Test Set consists of a electromagnetic vibrating table with controller, relative density mold sets ( 0,1 ft. 3 and 0,5 ft.3) and relative density gauge set. The wet method for determination of maximum density consists of the following steps: (i) The mold should be filled with wet soil. Mass of the soil sample to be taken for the test. Cushioned steel vibrating deck 75 ´ 75 cm size, R.P.M : 3600 ; under a 115 kg load, 440V, 3 phase supply. Density. Determine minimum index density by loose placement in the molds using pouring funnels, scoop, or shovel, of soil particles. A typical relative density apparatus consists of the following components: i. Vibratory table, a steel table with a cushioned vibrating deck about 75 cm × 75 cm of size, consisting of a vibra­tor with a net mass of over 45 kg and frequency of 3600 vibrations per minute. Delete. The empty mold is weighed (W). ρ w = density of water G = specific gravity of soil solids S = degree of saturation of the soil e = void ratio w = water content or moisture content Density of water and gravitational constant ρ w = 1000 kg/m 3 ρ w = 1 g/cc ρ w = 62.4 lb/ft 3 g = 9.81 m/s 2 g = 32.2 ft/sec 2 Relative Density. B. The guide sleeves should be attached to the mold and the surcharge base plate should be placed on the soil surface. Table.2. If the wet method produces higher maximum densities (in excess of one percent), it shall be followed in succeeding tests. C. Medium Stiff. Bell and Singh measured relative density of alluvial sands Topic: Density, Relative Density: Definition and Experiment. C. 2.5 Feet D. 15.0 Feet. © 2009-2020 The Constructor. v. Calibration bar of metal and 75 x 300 x 3 mm in size. Equal volumes of different substances have different masses or weights. B. ii. Reply. Determine maximum density by placing soil sample in molds and densifying using a vibrating table and surcharge. The mold is filled with water and a glass plate should be slid carefully over the top surface of the mold in such a manner as to ensure that the mold is completely filled with water. The entire wet specimen should be care­fully removed from the mold, dried to constant mass, weighed and the mass recorded. e max = (Gγ w /γ d min) – 1 … (4.81) e min = (Gγ w /γ d max) – 1 … (4.82) Substituting these values in Eq. Table 1. The mold is placed on the vibrating table and fixed in place and the surcharge weight is placed on it and allowed to run for 8 minutes. 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