Author: Dr. Semih Eser, Professor of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Penn State. Liquid petroleum pumped from oil wells is called “crude” or “crude oil.” Composed predominantly of carbon, crude oil contains approximately 84 to 87 percent carbon and 11 to 13 percent hydrogen. •••. It is extracted from the earth, formed naturally from the fossil of animals and plants. Set up in 1991, Targe […], Italian energy firm Eni is taking a 20% stake in what is set to be the world’s largest offshore wind farm. The three most quoted oil products are North America 's West Texas Intermediate crude (WTI), North Sea Brent Crude, and the UAE Dubai Crude, and their pricing is used as a barometer for the entire petroleum industry, although, in total, there are 46 key oil exporting countries. Crude oil also contains varying amounts of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and helium. Medium – Medium crude oil has an API gravity that ranges between 22.3 °API and 31.1 °API. reservoir ... oil shale under the broad classification of hydrocarbon resources has required . With an API gravity of 38.3 degrees and 0.37% of sulfur, this blend of crude oil comes from 15 various oil fields in the North Sea. Also, it can vanish within a few days, which fast disperses and reduces levels of toxicity. By. Categorization of crude oil depends on how much hydrocarbon components the crude oil contains. CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL Petroleum crude oil is referred to generically as a fossil energy resource and is further classified as a hydrocarbon resource, coal and oil shale kerogen have also been included Largest Oil Exporters; A few basic types of crude oil are given below: (1) The very light crude oils involve Gasoline, Jet fuels, Kerosene, Naphtha light and heavy, Petroleum Ether, Spirit, and Naphtha. Classifications are made based on the sulfur content as well. 04/11/2005: NY L83625 Classification 2709.00.1000: Tariff classification of Petrozuata Heavy synthetic crude oil from Venezuela. VLCCs are responsible for most crude oil shipments around the globe, including in the North Sea, home of the crude oil price benchmark Brent. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Classification of Arab Heavy Crude Oil and Arab Light Crude Oil from Saudi Arabia. Our latest vessel listings straight to your inbox? Crude oil's viscosity can vary from a low-viscosity liquid to up to tar-like, nearly solid form. 2. •Paraffins are the desired content in crude and what are used to make fuels. It is a light and sweet crude oil with an API gravity of... Dubai-Oman is used for pricing Persian Gulf crude oil. Crude oil otherwise known as petroleum (from Greek: petra (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil)) is a composition of hydrocarbons (chemicals composed solely of hydrogen and carbon in various molecular arrangements) and other compounds which is usually brown or black in color. Crude oil with low content of sulfur means ‘sweet’ and the presence of high content sulfur is known as ‘sour’.One of the largest and major Classifications of Crude oil is Brent Blend, which is found in the North Sea. Founded in 1960, OPEC, or the Organisation of Petroleum-Exporting Countries, is one of the major players in the oil industry, managing oil production and sale within its jurisdiction. The properties may vary in terms of proportion of hydrocarbon elements, sulfur content etc as it is extracted from different geographical locations all over the world.Light crude oil is defined as having an API gravity higher than 31.1 °APIMedium oil is defined as having an API gravity between 22.3 °API and 31.1 °APIHeavy oil is defined as having an API gravity below 22.3 °API.Classifications are made based on the sulfur content as well. This classification offers little information about general toxicity, physical state, and changes that occur with time and weathering. Abstract. This class includes residual fuel oils … Heavier, sourer crude typically sells at a discount to lighter, sweeter grades because it produces a greater percentage of lower value-added products with simple distillation and requires additional processing to produce lighter products.Sources:http://enggstudent.com/forum/viewtopic.php?id=977http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API_gravit http://www.liveoilprices.co.uk/crude_oil/types_of_crude_oil.htmlhttp://www.nesteoil.com/default.asp?path=1,41,538,2035,5196,5199http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://www.oilprices.org/types-of-crude-oil.html, Forth Ports has acquired Angus tug firm Targe in a multi-million pound deal to create a marine services business “of scale” along the east coast of Scotland. Crude oil . "Light" vs. "Heavy" Crude Oil. With an API gravity of 38.3 degrees and 0.37% of sulfur, this blend of crude oil comes from 15 various oil fields in the North Sea.West Texas Intermediate (WTI) otherwise known as Texas Light Sweet, OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) and Dubai Crude are other major benchmarks or references. The viscosity and relative weight of crude oil varies and it can exist in either liquid or solid state.The different types of crude oil are classified based on the American Petroleum Gravity (API) gravity and viscosity. Those that contain a carbon–carbon double bond are called alkenes, while those with carbon–carbon triple bond are alkyenes. •The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is. Light crude oil has an API gravity higher than 31.1° (i.e., less than 870 kg/m 3) Medium oil has an API gravity between 22.3 and 31.1° (i.e., 870 to 920 kg/m 3) Heavy crude oil has an API gravity below 22.3° (i.e., 920 to … In general, if the crude oil contains high levels of sulphur the petroleum classification is termed ‘sour, if it has relatively low levels of sulphur the petroleum classification is termed ‘sweet'. Light oils – These include Grade 1 and Grade 2 Fuel Oils, Diesel Fuel Oils as well as Most Domestic Fuel Oils. Toxicity is low, but wildlife can be smothered or drowned when contaminated. Crude oil with low content of sulfur means ‘sweet’ and the presence of high content sulfur is known as ‘sour’. Reviewed by. can also be brought to the surface by injecting water or steam into the . OPEC oil serves as a combination of seven different types of crude oil coming from Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Algeria, Dubai, Venezuela, Indonesia and Mexican Isthmus. Russian Export Blend is a medium, sour crude oil with an API gravity of approximately 32 and a sulfur content of approximately 1.2%. Extra Heavy (Bitumen) – Extra heavy crude oil has an API gravity that is lower than 10 °API. This courseware module is part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER Initiative. Aromatic hydrocarbons are special class of cyclic compounds related in structure to benzene. 4. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are known as olefins. The latest general information on the Coronavirus (COVID-19) is available on Coronavirus.gov.. For PHMSA contact information during the COVID-19 health emergency, please visit our page. The first crude oil had actually been discovered by the Chinese in 600 B.C. However, classification of crude oil types by geographical source is not a useful classification scheme for response personnel. One of the largest and major Classifications of Crude oil is Brent Blend, which is found in the North Sea. The American Petroleum Institute (API) is the only national trade association that represents all aspects of America’s oil and natural gas industry. 3. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. It is a light... Brent Crude is primarily used in Europe for crude oil pricing. Wendy Lyons Sunshine. This is the most common type of crude oil, which is trading in oil futures pit at the New Y ork Mercantile Exchange (NYME). Our more than 600 corporate members, from the largest major oil company to the smallest of independents, come from all segments of the industry. Other classification methods: Chromatographic data - classification of crude oil on the basis of polarity Gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance, urea adduction, and solid liquid chromatograph y – classification of petroleum wax Pyrolysis–gas chromatography - classification of kerogen Crude oil could be Naphthene base, Paraffin base, [10] [11] asphalt base or mixed base. Weathering or evaporation of volatiles may produce solid or tarry Class D oil. Characterization Factors. Web Design Vancouver with by Think Profits.com Inc. 8305 McIntyre Road, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6E 5J7, 8305 McIntyre Road Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6E 5J7. The different types of crude oil need to be classified for further treatment. Density is an integral part of determining the value of oil, where light oils command a higher price due to the ease with which they are converted to gasoline. Light – Light crude oil has an API gravity of 31.1 °API or higher. Although, Brent blend is graded as a light crude oil, it is not as light as WTI.Russian Export Blend, the Russian benchmark crude, is a mixture of several crude grades used domestically or sent for export. The energy firms Equinor and SSE are both selling […], T +32  3 226 24 10 info@imcbrokers.com Skype call. and transported in pipelines made from bamboo. | Sitemap. Eric Estevez. Characteristics of Crude Oil •The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories: •Paraffins: These can make up 15 to 60% of crude. The Basics of Crude Oil Classification. Various crude oil classifications have been proposed by geochemists and petroleum refiners. Sign up today! Crude Oil Classifications The petroleum industry often names crude based on the oil’s […] When crude oil is classified based on its API gravity it is divided into one of the following four classifications: 1. The purpose of these is very different, and also the physical or chemical parameters which have been used in the classifications. It varies by quality, economic value, and potential toxicity. "Sweet" vs. "Sour" Crude Oil. Heavy – Heavy crude oil has an API gravity that ranges between 22.2 °API and 10 °API. API Gravity is the oil industry standard used to determine and classify the density of oil. With that said, the four main types of Crude Oil are: Very light oils – these include: Jet Fuel, Gasoline, Kerosene, Petroleum Ether, Petroleum Spirit, and Petroleum Naphtha. The density of Class C oils may be near that of water and they often sink. Both a crude oil's viscosity and its API (American Petroleum Institute) degree are important parameters for classification. Crude oil is classified as light, medium, or heavy according to its measured API gravity. Aromatics are the least common hydrocarbons in crude oil, representing only a … Since the early days of the petroleum industry, some physical properties of crude oil were used to define characterization factors for classification of crude oil with respect to hydrocarbon types [4] as shown in Equation 8.. K (U O P, o r W a t s o n) = (T b 3) / S G (15 ° C). A VLCC can carry between 1.9 million and 2.2 million barrels of a WTI type crude oil. These oils have a tendency to be very unstable. Crude Oil Classifications. Types of Crude Oil The petroleum industry often characterizes crude oils according to their geographical source, e.g., Alaska North Slope Crude. http://enggstudent.com/forum/viewtopic.php?id=977, http://www.liveoilprices.co.uk/crude_oil/types_of_crude_oil.html, http://www.nesteoil.com/default.asp?path=1,41,538,2035,5196,5199, http://www.oilprices.org/types-of-crude-oil.html, Forth Ports in multi-million tugboat takeover, Italy’s Eni to buy 20% stake in world’s largest offshore wind farm. Lyden Oil Company - Youngstown 3711 LeHarps Drive Youngstown, OH 44515 Phone 1 (800) 362-9410 Fax: 1 (330) 792-1462 West Texas Intermediate (WTI) is primarily used in the USA and is a high quality, light sweet crude oil. Most crude oil contains about 82% to 87% carbon and 12% to 15% hydrogen. 12/06/2004: NY L81099 Classification 2709.00.2090: The tariff classification of Hamaca Blend synthetic crude oil from Venezuela. However, classification of crude oil types by geographical source is not a useful classification scheme for response personnel. Plainsman Mfg. Its spot price is reported at Augusta, Italy, and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, which act as the two primary delivery points.Light, sweet crude is more expensive than heavier, sourer crude because it requires less processing and produces a slate of products with a greater percentage of value-added products, such as gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel. The deposits for West Texas Intermediate are found in Texas and Mexico whereas for OPEC Reference Basket oil is sourced from Bonny light (Nigeria), Arab light (Saudi Arabia), Basra light (Iraq), Saharan blend (Algeria) and Minas (Indonesia). Updated November 28, 2020. Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are further classified into three main types: naphthenes, paraffins and aromatics. 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