Author: Dr. Semih Eser, Professor of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Penn State. One of the largest and major Classifications of Crude oil is Brent Blend, which is found in the North Sea. This courseware module is part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER Initiative. Nitrogen varies from 0.01 to 2%. 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The petroleum industry typically classifies crude oil based on the following three ways:Geographic Location – The geographic location of the oil field where the oil is recovered is commonly used to classify it. Crude oil's classification as either “light” or “heavy” depends on the oil’s relative density, based on the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity. 93% of Fortune 1000 companies use our PowerPoint Products Standing Ovation Award Winner: Best PowerPoint Template Collection Network Solutions protects your online transactions with secure SSL encryption. 3 oils from the producing fields throughout the world fell definitely in one of the three classes : paraffin, intermediate, or naphthene base. AP… Petroleum (or crude oil) is a complex, naturally occurring liquid mixture containing mostly hydrocarbons, but containing also some compounds of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. •Paraffins are the desired content in crude and what are used to make fuels. Some of the more common crude oil grades that have regular price assessments are: 200,000+ satisfied customers worldwide! Previous 22 The liquid type material is generally employed where it can be easily contained and relatively Low Sulfur crudes are high in price and better in quality. Crude oil with low content of sulfur means ‘sweet’ and the presence of high content sulfur is known as ‘sour’. Crude oil can be classified in the following types; 1)-Sulfur Based Classification. These grades are valued differently by refiners based on their crude qualities.. fPour Point. The estimation of reserves of natural gas, gas condensate and crude oil can be broken down into two components: (i) geological reserves, or the quantities of natural gas, gas condensate and crude oil contained in the subsoil and (ii) Determination of many physicochemical properties of crude oils such as °API gravity, kinematic viscosity, SARA analysis, pour point, and carbon residue are of the most important general trends in the oil industries [].Among the various properties of crude oils [, , , ], °API gravity is a fundamental properties in … Crude Oil Classifications The petroleum industry often names crude based on the oil’s geographical source — for example “West Texas Intermediate.” Crude oil is also classified based on physical characteristics and chemical composition, using terms such as “sweet” or “sour,” “light” or “heavy.” Powerpoint presentation on crude oil, how it is created, fractional distillation, hydrocarbons, combustion, alkenes, global warming and acid rain. MARGOSCHES : CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE OILS. •Napthenes:These can make up 30 to 60% of crude. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International … https://www.slideshare.net/pamcudal/classifications-of-crude-oil •The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is. Sulfur in crude oil is an important parameter of quality. The purpose of these is very different, and also the physical or chemical parameters which have been used in the classifications. One oil type is not necessarily “better” than another, but rather the different types are useful in different applications. can also be brought to the surface by injecting water or steam into the . On the gravity scale, water represents the heavy end of the scale 10 gravity. Various crude oil classifications have been proposed by geochemists and petroleum refiners. reservoir ... oil shale under the broad classification of hydrocarbon resources has required . The lower the sulphur content, the higher the price as well because low-sufur, sweet crude requires less refining. as d. issolved gas in the crude oil (Levinson, 1974). Crude oil can be referred to as Sour or Sweet, based upon the sulfur content. Composition and Classification of Crude Oils Crude oil is a complex liquid mixture made up of a vast number of hydrocarbon compounds that consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen in differing proportions. 7. The purpose of these is very different, and also the physical or chemical parameters which have been used in the classifications. A few basic types of crude oil are given below: (1) The very light crude oils involve Gasoline, Jet fuels, Kerosene, Naphtha light and heavy, Petroleum Ether, Spirit, and Naphtha. You’ve probably heard people referencing “sweet” and “sour” oil. There is more on classifications later. Crude grades. Crude oils also contain a great variety of heteroatomic chemical constituents, comprising of crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, often found together with natural gas. process of crude oil that has been separated and purified. In this blog, I have tried to cover all the types of crude oil. Crude oil . Download Crude Oil PowerPoint templates (ppt) and Google Slides themes to create awesome presentations. It is often referred to as the “black gold.” The Rockefellers, the Rothschilds, the Gettys, the Hammers and the royal families of the Persian Gulf area would certainly agree. The list covers a range of crude oil types from gas condensates to heavier oils, containing samples from across the world, and constitutes one of two major data sets used in the current study. The standard unit of measurement is API Gravity. With an API gravity of 38.3 degrees and 0.37% of sulfur, this blend of crude oil comes from 15 various oil … In typical oil reservoirs, the oil density decreases with pressure depletion until it reaches the lowest value at the bubble point. Characteristics of Crude Oil. Classification of Crude Oil API Gravity API =(141.5/sp.gravity)-131.5 • Light Crude Oil >31 • Mixed Based 22-31 • Heavy crude <22 API is a major factor for Crude pricing Fuel Properties Standards Organizations SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers ASTM – American Society for the Testing of Materials API – American Petroleum Institute Classification of petroleum also indicates the best use for a particular field of petroleum. 2.1 Crude oil API gravity. Crude oil is the essential source of fossil fuels in the world. 1 shows the TBP curve shapes for a selection of crude oils from this set of data. However, classification of crude oil types by geographical source is not a useful classification scheme for response personnel. •The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories: •Paraffins: These can make up 15 to 60% of crude. Oils weighing in between 10 and 20 gravity are considered heavy. Thus crude oil might be called West Texas Intermediate, Brent Blend, or Dubai-Oman.API Gravity – API gravity refers to a density scale developed and used by the American Petroleum Institute (API). In addition, small amounts of organic compounds containing sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and metals such as Weight of Crude Oil. Categorised as a GROUP I base oil it is typically about 95 saturated hydrocarbon and 5 aromatic hydrocarbon content. Apart from considering the properties indicated in the reports by N. A. C. Smith,17 CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL Petroleum crude oil is referred to generically as a fossil energy resource and is further classified as a hydrocarbon resource, coal and oil shale kerogen have also been included The A.Psulphur, oxygen, carbondioxide, nitrogen and trace metals. PowerPoint Templates > Crude oil . Crude Oil Benchmarks • A benchmark crude or marker crude is a crude oil that serves as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil. 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This measurement reflects how light or heavy a crude oil is compared to water. These oils have a tendency to be very unstable. Classifications are made based on the sulfur content as well. Crude oil comes in hundreds of different varieties or "grades." Fig. flash points and fire points of lubricating oils can be determined by ASTM method D 92/IP 170 Many fresh crude oils have flash points below 10oC and/or viscosities above 9.5 cSt at 25oC. Medium weight oils register between 20 and 25 on the gravity scale, and light oils are more than 25 … Heavy crude oil evaporates slowly and contains material that will be used to make heavy products like asphalt. This classification offers little information about general toxicity, physical state, and changes that occur with time and weathering. Crude oil density is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the crude at a specified pressure and temperature and expressed in g/cc. Sweetness of Crude Oil. 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