Ratios of the number of vetch to oat seed were 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30 and 60:40. A field experiment was carried out in Ramhormoz, Iran during the 2008-2009 growing season to investigate the effects of different planting pattern of intercropping on environmental resource consumption and weed biomass. Hence, it is important to investigate potential cropping systems that are resilient to the impacts of climate change and promote conservation of resources in smallholder farms. Maize cultivation faces some challenges, particularly in terms of low biodiversity in fields. Relative yield totals of mixtures with 90:10 or 80:20 ratios of vetch:oat seed exceeded unity. For maize-intercropping, site adapted weed control and practicable sowing technique are mandatory, which already exist for P. vulgaris and T. majus. Intercropping can also be defined as the practice involving growing two or more crops simultaneously on a same piece of land. Both species were planted as monocrops and in mixtures. Turnips protected it's swiss chard and beet neighbours. There was no evidence that fixed N was transferred from fababeans to barley in this study. We need to shift from the present unsustainable paradigm of industrial agriculture to one that is ecologically sustainable (without which economic, social, and environmental sustainability is not possible). Advantages of Intercropping. It was related to reduction of biological nitrogen fixation induced by low PAR and phosphorus availability for cow pea in intercropping. Intercropping has now practiced by farmers across the country and it is the widely practiced farming method that has proved to be more productive. Another of the intercropping techniques is alley cropping. Three intercropping pattern namely; alternate row intercropping, strip row intercropping and mixed, Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and bean (Vicia faba L.) sole crops and their mixture in three planting pattern (M(1): alternate-row intercrop, M(2): within-row intercrop, M(3): mixed intercrop) were used to investigate the amount of resource consumption in terms of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, water and nutrient uptake. The results show that intercropping systems with the selected legumes resulted in yield penalties. and productivity in farming system. Relative yield total (RYT) calculated as the sum of the relative dry matter yields of both species was used as the criterion for mixed stand advantage.Mixtures produced 34% more dry matter than the monocrop of vetch, but 57% less than the oat monocrop. using furrow application at 3 tons ha-1 is the ideal practice for optimal yield under biotic farming condition. ... Intercropping is defined as growing of two or more different crops together or one after the other on the same piece of land at the same time or season (Ofori and Stern 1987). However, the effect of the intercrop pattern on yield may be variable, because viability may depend on the adaptation of planting pattern and selection of compatible crops. … The study shows that intercropping maize with biodiversity-enhancing flowering partners can provide an applicable alternative to sole maize cropping and enhance biodiversity. without regard to row, and row intercropping, which involves planting different crops in alternating rows. The proportion of N fixed by fababeans, and N uptake from soil and fertilizer by fababeans and barley were distinguished by the use of 15N-labelled urea. Crop rotations are often suggested in Organic Agriculture as a way to practice diversification. Biol. The plant growth performance of maize was evaluated based on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, corn weight, cob length and thousand-kernel mass. the proportion of the N in fababeans that was derived from fixation was significantly increased in the intercropped system. Intercropping minimizes environmental impacts of agriculture through reduced fertilizer and pesticide requirements. The spread of diseases and pests is controlled. It’s the growing of two or more crops at the same time with at least one crop planted in rows. Regarding to forage quality and quantity, different cereals also led to different production of forage. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. The crop yield increases. Ecological balance, more utilization of resources, increases the quantity and quality of products and reduction damage by pests, diseases and weeds will increases with use of intercropping systems. Intercropping offers greater financial returns for a farmer. In this article, we are going to see the types and advantages of intercropping in Agriculture. Reduction in soil erosion, space utilization, and controls pest and weeds; It is highly profitable and utilizes the resource efficiently. Intercropping pattern included strip intercropping, row intercropping and mixed intercropping. A randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications was employed to compare the treatments, including cow pea sole crop (Cp), corn sole crop (C), alternate-row intercropping (M1), within-row intercropping (M2) and mixed intercropping (M3). ... Several studies have shown that the use of leguminous crops promote biodiversity not only below ground but also aboveground. KEY WORDS: Acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein, forage production, multiple cropping, neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Sci., 1(11)482-486, 2011.pdf, intercropping reduced the pest, and in 18, Caballero, R. and E.L. Goicoechea, 1995. ... We identify the computation of optimal patterns for such new machinery as the second challenge for control engineering within agroecology. 2) Soil erosion is effectively arrested. A field study was conducted at two locations near Madrid in the 1981–1982 and 1982–1983 growing seasons. Intercropping is a ways to increase diversity in an agricultural ecosystem. Plants were harvested at the pod-setting stage of vetch. intercropping were compared to sole cropping in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Environ. Therefore, it is important to identify planting practice that will improve the maize yield and quality. Row-intercropping, mixed- intercropping, strip-intercropping and relayintercropping are most important types of intercropping. Living mulches are minor crops that are planted within a major crop and can be considered as a type of intercropping. The resulting beneficial interaction can lower the need of external inputs. 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